●|¦¦|● موسوعة دروس اللغة الإنجليزية ●|¦¦|●|¦

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

The definite article

You use the definite article, the, when you expect the person who is listening

To know which person or thing you are talking about

Ex : Thank you for the flowers

The teacher said my essay was the best

You use the with the names of rivers and groups of islands

Which is longer, the Rhine ?

Minorca is one of the Balearic Islands

No article

You do not use an article when you are talking in general

I love flowers

Honey is sweet

Are nurse well paid here ?

You do not use the with the most names of counties , cities

I’m from Casablanca

She’s going to Turkey

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

The indefinite article

You use the indefinite article , a , ( an before a vowel sound ) when the other person does

know which person or thing you are talking about or when you are not referring to a particular

thing or person

He’s got a new bike

Could you brink me a knife ?

You also use a/an to talk about a type or class of people or things ; such as when you

Describe a person’s job

She’s an accountant

You use a/an in prices , speeds , etc

$100 a day

70 kilometres an hour

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

Times in English

HALF HOURS

6 :30 six thirty

Half past six

OTHER TIMES

5 :45	*Five forty-five*	*(a) quarter to six*
2 :15	*Two fifteen*	*(a) quarter past two*
1 :10	*One ten*	*Ten past one*
3 :05	*Three o five*	*Five past three*
1 :55	*One fifty-five*	*Five to two*

In American English , after is sometimes used instead of past , and of instead of to

With 5, 10, 20 and 25 the word minutes is not necessary , but it is used with other numbers :

10.25 twenty-five past ten

10.17 seventeen minutes past ten

use o’clock only for whole hours :

It’s three o’clock

Adverbs of frequency

We use how often to ask about frequency

We use frequency adverbs to talk about how oftenwe do things

The position of adverbs of frequency

We place adverbs of frequency

before the verb :I never go to the cinema alone

after the auxiliary verb : Lucy is usually tired

between the auxiliary verb and main verb : You can

always find him at home

In negative sentences : He doesn't often go to the movies

She isn't usually here in the mornings

Remarque : we never use never in negative sentences

In questions : Do you always watsh football on tv ?

Is halim usually absent on Wednesday ?

The comparative form

A-Equality

the same + noun + as ...

as + adjective / adverb + as ...

B-Superiority

adjective + er / adverb + er + than ...

more + adjective / adverb + than ...

C-Inferiority

not as / so + adjective / adverb + as ...

less + adjective / adverb + than ...

The Superlative form

A-Positive:

the+adjective+est/adverb+est (short adjectives/adverbs)

the most adjective/adverb (long adjectives/adverbs)

B-Negative

the least + adjective / adverb

Examples :

Mr Black is trying to choose a suittable place in Britland for the family

holiday . As he has got six children , he can't afforod to go to an expenssive

hotel . On the other hand , his wife doesn't want to have cook their meals.The children

adore the beach and swimming , so they need good weather .

Here are some statistics for three of Britland's holiday resorts . Let's see which one

would be the most suittable for the Black family

The possessive with ‘s

You can add ‘s to a word or a name to show possession . It is most

Often used with words for people, countries and animals

Ann’s job

The managers ’s secretary

My brother ’s computer

The dog ’s basket

When the word already ends in plural s , you add an apostrophe after it

The boys’ rooms

The smiths’ house

Reflexive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns
Personal pronouns

self my
I

yourself
You

himself
He

herself
She

itself
It

ourselves
We

yourselves
You

themselves
They

I can’t leave my dog by itself because it’s sick

Prepositions of place

On ≠ Under

Behind ≠ In front of

On the left ≠ On the right

Beneath ≠ Above

Near ≠ Far

Moulay Abdellah is in front of Larmitag

A garden is opposite our house

Tangier is far from Casablanca

The cat is under the table

I sit in the corner of the room

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]

Plural of nouns

Regular plural nouns

books Most nouns take s book books

Nouns in consonant +y takes ies : family famil ies

But day day s

Most nouns in f/fe take ves : knife kni ves

But roof roof s

Some nouns in o take es : tomato tomato es

Nouns in ch/sh/s/ss/x take es : bus bus es

Box box es

Irregular plural nouns

Child children

Man men

Woman women

Tooth teeth

Foot feet

Mouse mice

Sheep sheep

Goose geese

Prepositions of time

We use at : With a fixed time : at 6:30

With some words : at noon

We use in : With periods of day : in the mornings

With months : in April

With years : in 2006

We use on : With days : on Sunday

With some words : on holiday

We use from – to : with limited periods of time

From 8:00 to 12:00

From September to June

Much , many , a lot , a little , a few

Much is used with uncountable nouns , usually in negative sentences and questions

I haven’t got much money

Did you watch much television ?

Many is used with countable nouns , usually in negative sentences and questions

There aren’t many tourists here in December

Are there many opportunities for young people ?

A lot of or lots of is used with countable and uncountable nouns

A lot of tourists visit the castle

I’ve spent a lots of money

A little is used with uncountable nouns

Add a little vinegar

A few is used with the countable nouns

I’ve got a few letters to write

Adjectives with nouns

Most adjectives can be used before the noun that they describe or after a linking verb

I need a new bike

It’s an interesting book

Some adjectives can not come before a noun .

Some adjectives can only be used before a noun

Defining relative clauses

These phrases define or identify which person or thing we are talking about

Which of them is the boss?

The man who came in late is the boss

When the subject is a person

The man who came in late or the man that came in late

When the object is a person

The girl that I saw or the girl whom I saw

When the subject is a thing

The chair that is in the corner or the chair which is in the corner

When the object is a thing

The book that I’m reading or the book which I’m reading
Non-defining relative clauses

These phrases add extra information about somebody or something which could

be left out and the sentences would still make sense . This extra information

separated from the main clause by commas

The film which was shot in Mexico was won an Oscar

The pronouns that can be used in non-identifying relative clauses are

Who for a person , which for a thing , whose to show belonging

My sister who is vegetarian ordered

The simple tenses

The present simple

I look I don’t look Do I look?

The simple past

I looked Did I look? I didn’t look

The present perfect

I have looked Have I looked? I have not looked

The past perfect

I will look Will I look? I will not look

The future perfect

I will have looked Will I have looked? I will not have looked

The conditional

I would look Would I look? I wouldn’t look

The conditional perfect

a cheese salad

Lucy whose car had broken down , arrived by bus

The tickets which can be bought at the station , are valid for one day

The continuous tenses

The present continuous

I am looking Am I looking? I’m not looking

The past continuous

I was looking Was I looking I was not looking

The present perfect continuous

I have been looking Have I been looking? I have not been looking

The past perfect continuous

I had been looking Had I been looking? I had not been looking

The future continuous

I will be looking Will I be looking? I will not be looking

The future perfect continuous

I will have been looking Will I have been looking? I will not have been looking

The conditional continuous

I would be looking Would I be looking? I would not be looking

The conditional perfect continuous

I would have been looking Would I have been looking? I wouldn’t have been looking

» ╬◄ اللغة الإنجليزية ►╬ أساسيات لتعلم اللغة الإنجليزية
» ╬◄ اللغة الإنجليزية ►╬ كيف تطور لغتك الإنجليزية ؟
» تعليم الإنجليزية فى 8 اسطوانات من البداية و حتى إتقان اللغة
» ©{" ♣♣ دليلك الكامل لمهارات الإتصال فى اللغة الإنجليزية ♣♣ "}©
» موقع مميز لتعلم اللغة الفرنسية و الإنجليزية و كذلك الألمانية